{"id":6350,"date":"2022-02-12T17:05:32","date_gmt":"2022-02-12T09:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/%e5%8a%a9%e7%9c%a0%e8%a5%bf%e8%97%a5\/"},"modified":"2025-10-30T16:51:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T08:51:55","slug":"sleep-drugs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/sleep-drugs\/","title":{"rendered":"\u52a9\u7720\u897f\u85e5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u9047\u4e0a\u7761\u7720\u554f\u984c\u6703\u8003\u616e\u7528\u300c\u5b89\u7720\u85e5\u300d\u3002\u300c\u5b89\u7720\u85e5\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u5206\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u58eb\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u6548\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5404\u7570\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u6216\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b\u6703\u6839\u64da\u500b\u5225\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u72c0\u6cc1\u4f5c\u51fa\u5efa\u8b70\u6216\u8655\u65b9\u85e5\u7269 (\u91ab\u751f)\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u4ecb\u4e00\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u6703\u7528\u4f5c\u5e6b\u52a9\u7761\u7720\u7684\u897f\u85e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u5b89\u5168\u7528\u85e5\u63d0\u793a<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7528\u6700\u4f4e\u5291\u91cf\u3001\u6700\u77ed\u7642\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u82e5\u4f4e\u5291\u91cf\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u9069\u7576\u52a9\u7720\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u589e\u52a0\u5291\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u51fa\u73fe\u66f4\u591a\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5b9c\u9577\u671f\u670d\u7528\u85e5\u7269\u5e6b\u52a9\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u5b9c\u591a\u7ba1\u9f4a\u4e0b\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u8abf\u6574\u7761\u7720\u7fd2\u6163\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u81e8\u5e8a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u65bc 2 \u2013 4 \u661f\u671f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6578\u64da<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u898b\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u6688\u7729\u3001\u774f\u7761 (\u6216\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u5230\u7fcc\u65e5)\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u6a21\u7cca<\/li>\n<li>\u90e8\u4efd\u52a9\u7720\u85e5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8010\u85e5\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u85e5\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u85e5\u6548\u6e1b\u9000\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u5291\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u539f\u6709\u7684\u529f\u6548<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u85e5\u7269\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u812b\u766e\/<\/strong><strong>\u6212\u65b7\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c0d\u85e5\u7269\u7522\u751f\u751f\u7406\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u505c\u670d\u85e5\u7269\u4fbf\u51fa\u73fe\u5641\u5fc3\u3001\u5614\u5410\u3001\u7126\u616e\u3001\u7169\u8e81\u4e0d\u5b89\u3001\u9707\u986b\u3001\u51fa\u6c57\u7b49\u5fb5\u72c0<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u85e5\u7269\u76f8\u6c96<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u6688\u7729\u6216\u774f\u7761\uff0c\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u5287\u81ea\u6bba\u5ff5\u982d (<\/strong><strong>\u7f55\u898b)<\/strong>\uff1a\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5\u3001\u975e BZD \u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\u6fc0\u52d5\u5291\u3001\u6297\u6291\u9b31\u85e5\u3001\u6297\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u85e5\u3001\u98df\u617e\u6fc0\u7d20\u53d7\u9ad4\u963b\u65b7\u5291<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u809d\u814e\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5168\u4eba\u58eb\u8f03\u6613\u53d7\u85e5\u7269\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5f71\u97ff<\/li>\n<li>\u907f\u514d\u9152\u7cbe\u98f2\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u589e\u52a0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u5207\u52ff\u5728\u670d\u85e5\u5f8c\u99d5\u99db\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u5668\u68b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u610f\u5916\u767c\u751f<\/li>\n<li>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7ba1\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u5176\u85e5\u6548\u53ca\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u90e8\u4efd\u6297\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa\u85e5\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u52a9\u7720\u85e5\u5747\u5c6c <strong>\u91ab\u751f\u8655\u65b9\u85e5\u7269<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5\u4ea6\u5c6c <strong>\u5371\u96aa\u85e5\u7269<\/strong>\uff0c\u53d7\u56b4\u683c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7ba1\uff0c<strong>\u5207\u52ff\u81ea\u884c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u91ab\u751f\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\u670d\u7528\uff01<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u52a9\u7720\u85e5\u7269\u7a2e<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u985e<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5 (BZD) <\/strong>\u548c <strong>\u975eBZD<\/strong><strong>\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\u6fc0\u52d5\u5291 <\/strong>\u5177\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u5165\u7720\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u7761\u7720\u8cea\u7d20\u548c\u5ef6\u9577\u7761\u7720\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6297\u6291\u9b31\u85e5 <\/strong>\u548c <strong>\u6297\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u85e5 <\/strong>\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u540c\u6642\u6709\u5931\u7720\u53ca\u60c5\u7dd2\u75c5\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u670d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u98df\u617e\u6fc0\u7d20\u53d7\u9ad4\u963b\u65b7\u5291 <\/strong>\u5177\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u5165\u7720\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u73fe\u6642\u5c1a\u672a\u666e\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"245\"><strong>\u7a2e\u985e\u548c\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\"><strong>\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"291\"><strong>\u53ef<\/strong><strong>\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"245\"><strong>\u6297\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa\u85e5 Antihistamines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3) Chlorpheniramine, Diphenhydramine, Hydroxyzine, Promethazine<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u963b\u65b7\u7b2c\u4e00\u578b\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa (histamine) \u53d7\u9ad4\u3001<br \/>\n\u8548\u6bd2\u9e7c (muscarine) \u53d7\u9ad4<\/td>\n<td width=\"291\">\u53e3\u4e7e\u3001\u773c\u4e7e\u3001\u8996\u529b\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u4fbf\u79d8\u3001\u5c0f\u4fbf\u6eef\u7559<\/p>\n<p>\u54ee\u5598\u3001\u6c23\u7ba1\u708e\u3001\u9752\u5149\u773c\u3001\u524d\u5217\u817a\u80a5\u5927<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8010\u85e5\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"245\"><strong>\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5 Benzodiazepines (BZD)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Clonazepam, Diazepam, Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Midazolam<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u589e\u52a0\u8166\u90e8\u03b3-\u6c28\u57fa\u4e01\u9178 (GABA) \u50b3\u905e<\/td>\n<td width=\"291\">\u884c\u52d5\u4e0d\u7a69\u3001\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u5931\u61b6\u3001\u6fc0\u52d5\u3001\u7169\u8e81\u3001\u6575\u610f<\/p>\n<p>\u6291\u5236\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8010\u85e5\u6027\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u812b\u766e\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"245\"><strong>\u975e BZD <\/strong><strong>\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\u6fc0\u52d5\u5291<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zopiclone, Zolpidem<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u589e\u52a0\u8166\u90e8 GABA \u50b3\u905e<\/td>\n<td width=\"291\">\u76f8\u5c0d\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5\u8f03\u5c11\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u98a8\u96aa<\/p>\n<p>\u5473\u89ba\u8b8a\u7570<\/p>\n<p>\u505c\u85e5\u5f8c\u53cd\u5f48\u6027\u5931\u7720<\/p>\n<p>\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7761\u7720\u884c\u70ba (\u5982\u5922\u904a\u3001\u5922\u99d5)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8010\u85e5\u6027\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u812b\u766e\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"245\"><strong>\u6297\u6291\u9b31\u85e5 Antidepressants<\/strong><strong>\u3000<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Amitriptyline, Doxepin, Mianserin, Mirtazapine, Trazodone<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u5f71\u97ff\u5927\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u905e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8840\u6e05\u7d20 (serotonin)\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u53bb\u7532\u814e\u4e0a\u817a\u7d20 (noradrenaline)\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5df4\u80fa (dopamine)<\/td>\n<td width=\"291\">\u8178\u80c3\u4e0d\u9069\u3001\u53e3\u4e7e\u3001\u773c\u4e7e\u3001\u8996\u529b\u6a21\u7cca<\/p>\n<p>\u5f71\u97ff\u8840\u58d3\u3001\u9ad4\u91cd\u3001\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75c5\u3001\u5fc3\u5f8b\u5931\u5e38<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u812b\u766e\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"245\"><strong>\u6297\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u85e5 Antipsychotics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chlorpromazine, Flupenthixol, Haloperidol, Amisulpride, Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, Quetiapine<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u5f71\u97ff\u5927\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u905e\uff1a\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u3001\u8840\u6e05\u7d20\u3001<br \/>\n\u53bb\u7532\u814e\u4e0a\u817a\u7d20\u3001<br \/>\n\u4e59\u91af\u81bd\u9e7c (acetylcholine)<\/td>\n<td width=\"291\">\u8178\u80c3\u4e0d\u9069\u3001\u53e3\u4e7e\u3001\u773c\u4e7e\u3001\u8996\u529b\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u5c0f\u4fbf\u6eef\u7559<\/p>\n<p>\u5f71\u97ff\u98df\u617e\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u9ad4\u91cd\u3001\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7d9c\u5408\u75c7<\/p>\n<p>\u975c\u5750\u4e0d\u80fd\u3001\u808c\u8089\u50f5\u786c\u3001\u9707\u986b\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u9072\u7de9<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u812b\u766e\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"245\"><strong>\u98df\u617e\u6fc0\u7d20 <\/strong><strong>(Orexin) <\/strong><strong>\u53d7\u9ad4\u963b\u65b7\u5291<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lemborexant, Suvorexant<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u6291\u5236\u98df\u617e\u7d20\u5728\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u89ba\u9192\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"291\">\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u4e0d\u7a69\u3001\u4e0b\u80a2\u4e4f\u529b<\/p>\n<p>\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7761\u7720\u884c\u70ba<\/p>\n<p>\u7761\u7720\u7671\u7613 (\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d3b\u52d5\u6216\u8b1b\u8a71)<\/p>\n<p>\u5165\u7761\u524d \/ \u9192\u89ba\u524d\u51fa\u73fe\u5e7b\u89ba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><u>\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u7919\u7761\u7720\u7684\u85e5\u7269<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u670d\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u85e5\u7269\uff0c\u5207\u52ff\u81ea\u884c\u505c\u85e5\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u958b\u59cb\u65b0\u85e5\u5f8c\u53d7\u7761\u7720\u554f\u984c\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u61c9\u5148\u8207\u91ab\u751f\u6216\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b\u5546\u8a0e\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u9069\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u964d\u8840\u58d3\u85e5\u3001\u54ee\u5598\u85e5<\/li>\n<li>\u7532\u72c0\u817a\u7d20<\/li>\n<li>\u985e\u56fa\u9187<\/li>\n<li>\u8840\u6e05\u7d20\u3001\u67cf\u91d1\u905c\u85e5\u3001\u8208\u596e\u5291<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u9f3b\u585e\u85e5\u3001\u6e1b\u80a5\u85e5<\/li>\n<li>\u5496\u5561\u56e0\u3001\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u3001\u9152\u7cbe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Lexicomp.<\/li>\n<li>Riemann D, et al. European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.\u00a0J Sleep Res. 2017;26(6):675-700.<\/li>\n<li>Sateia MJ, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline.\u00a0J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(2):307-349.<\/li>\n<li>Department of Veterans Affairs. VA\/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for The Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. 2019.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\ufe30\u8a3b\u518a\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u66f4\u65b0\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2022 \u5e74 2 \u6708<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u9047\u4e0a\u7761\u7720\u554f\u984c\u6703\u8003\u616e\u7528\u300c\u5b89\u7720\u85e5\u300d\u3002\u300c\u5b89\u7720\u85e5\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u5206\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u58eb\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u6548\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5404\u7570\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u6216\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b\u6703\u6839\u64da\u500b\u5225\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u72c0\u6cc1\u4f5c\u51fa\u5efa\u8b70\u6216\u8655\u65b9\u85e5\u7269 (\u91ab\u751f)\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u4ecb\u4e00\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u6703\u7528\u4f5c\u5e6b\u52a9\u7761\u7720\u7684\u897f\u85e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u7528\u85e5\u63d0\u793a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7528\u6700\u4f4e\u5291\u91cf\u3001\u6700\u77ed\u7642\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u4f4e\u5291\u91cf\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u9069\u7576\u52a9\u7720\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u589e\u52a0\u5291\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u51fa\u73fe\u66f4\u591a\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<br \/>\n\u4e0d\u5b9c\u9577\u671f\u670d\u7528\u85e5\u7269\u5e6b\u52a9\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u5b9c\u591a\u7ba1\u9f4a\u4e0b\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u8abf\u6574\u7761\u7720\u7fd2\u6163\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642<\/p>\n<p>\u81e8\u5e8a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u65bc 2 \u2013 4 \u661f\u671f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6578\u64da<br \/>\n<strong>\u5e38\u898b\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u6688\u7729\u3001\u774f\u7761 (\u6216\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u5230\u7fcc\u65e5)\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u6a21\u7cca<br \/>\n\u90e8\u4efd\u52a9\u7720\u85e5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8010\u85e5\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u85e5\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u85e5\u6548\u6e1b\u9000\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u5291\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u539f\u6709\u7684\u529f\u6548<br \/>\n<strong>\u85e5\u7269\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u812b\u766e\/<\/strong><strong>\u6212\u65b7\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c0d\u85e5\u7269\u7522\u751f\u751f\u7406\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u505c\u670d\u85e5\u7269\u4fbf\u51fa\u73fe\u5641\u5fc3\u3001\u5614\u5410\u3001\u7126\u616e\u3001\u7169\u8e81\u4e0d\u5b89\u3001\u9707\u986b\u3001\u51fa\u6c57\u7b49\u5fb5\u72c0<br \/>\n<strong>\u85e5\u7269\u76f8\u6c96<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u6688\u7729\u6216\u774f\u7761\uff0c\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<br \/>\n<strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u5287\u81ea\u6bba\u5ff5\u982d (<\/strong><strong>\u7f55\u898b)<\/strong>\uff1a\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5\u3001\u975e BZD \u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\u6fc0\u52d5\u5291\u3001\u6297\u6291\u9b31\u85e5\u3001\u6297\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u85e5\u3001\u98df\u617e\u6fc0\u7d20\u53d7\u9ad4\u963b\u65b7\u5291<\/p>\n<p>\u809d\u814e\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5168\u4eba\u58eb\u8f03\u6613\u53d7\u85e5\u7269\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5f71\u97ff<br \/>\n\u907f\u514d\u9152\u7cbe\u98f2\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u589e\u52a0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<br \/>\n\u5207\u52ff\u5728\u670d\u85e5\u5f8c\u99d5\u99db\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u5668\u68b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u610f\u5916\u767c\u751f<br \/>\n\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7ba1\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u5176\u85e5\u6548\u53ca\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u90e8\u4efd\u6297\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa\u85e5\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u52a9\u7720\u85e5\u5747\u5c6c <strong>\u91ab\u751f\u8655\u65b9\u85e5\u7269<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5\u4ea6\u5c6c <strong>\u5371\u96aa\u85e5\u7269<\/strong>\uff0c\u53d7\u56b4\u683c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7ba1\uff0c<strong>\u5207\u52ff\u81ea\u884c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u91ab\u751f\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\u670d\u7528\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52a9\u7720\u85e5\u7269\u7a2e<\/strong><strong>\u985e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5 (BZD) <\/strong>\u548c <strong>\u975eBZD<\/strong><strong>\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\u6fc0\u52d5\u5291 <\/strong>\u5177\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u5165\u7720\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u7761\u7720\u8cea\u7d20\u548c\u5ef6\u9577\u7761\u7720\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6297\u6291\u9b31\u85e5 <\/strong>\u548c <strong>\u6297\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u85e5 <\/strong>\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u540c\u6642\u6709\u5931\u7720\u53ca\u60c5\u7dd2\u75c5\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u670d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u98df\u617e\u6fc0\u7d20\u53d7\u9ad4\u963b\u65b7\u5291 <\/strong>\u5177\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u5165\u7720\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u73fe\u6642\u5c1a\u672a\u666e\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a2e\u985e\u548c\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u53ef<\/strong><strong>\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6297\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa\u85e5 Antihistamines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3) Chlorpheniramine, Diphenhydramine, Hydroxyzine, Promethazine<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\n\u963b\u65b7\u7b2c\u4e00\u578b\u7d44\u7e54\u80fa (histamine) \u53d7\u9ad4\u3001<br \/>\n\u8548\u6bd2\u9e7c (muscarine) \u53d7\u9ad4<br \/>\n\u53e3\u4e7e\u3001\u773c\u4e7e\u3001\u8996\u529b\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u4fbf\u79d8\u3001\u5c0f\u4fbf\u6eef\u7559<\/p>\n<p>\u54ee\u5598\u3001\u6c23\u7ba1\u708e\u3001\u9752\u5149\u773c\u3001\u524d\u5217\u817a\u80a5\u5927<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8010\u85e5\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5 Benzodiazepines (BZD)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Clonazepam, Diazepam, Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Midazolam<br \/>\n\u589e\u52a0\u8166\u90e8\u03b3-\u6c28\u57fa\u4e01\u9178 (GABA) \u50b3\u905e<br \/>\n\u884c\u52d5\u4e0d\u7a69\u3001\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u5931\u61b6\u3001\u6fc0\u52d5\u3001\u7169\u8e81\u3001\u6575\u610f<\/p>\n<p>\u6291\u5236\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8010\u85e5\u6027\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u812b\u766e\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u975e BZD <\/strong><strong>\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\u6fc0\u52d5\u5291<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zopiclone, Zolpidem<br \/>\n\u589e\u52a0\u8166\u90e8 GABA \u50b3\u905e<br \/>\n\u76f8\u5c0d\u82ef\u4e8c\u6c2e\u5e73\u85e5\u8f03\u5c11\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u98a8\u96aa<\/p>\n<p>\u5473\u89ba\u8b8a\u7570<\/p>\n<p>\u505c\u85e5\u5f8c\u53cd\u5f48\u6027\u5931\u7720<\/p>\n<p>\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7761\u7720\u884c\u70ba (\u5982\u5922\u904a\u3001\u5922\u99d5)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8010\u85e5\u6027\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u812b\u766e\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6297\u6291\u9b31\u85e5 Antidepressants<\/strong><strong>\u3000<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Amitriptyline, Doxepin, Mianserin, Mirtazapine, Trazodone<br \/>\n\u5f71\u97ff\u5927\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u905e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8840\u6e05\u7d20 (serotonin)\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u53bb\u7532\u814e\u4e0a\u817a\u7d20 (noradrenaline)\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5df4\u80fa (dopamine)<br \/>\n\u8178\u80c3\u4e0d\u9069\u3001\u53e3\u4e7e\u3001\u773c\u4e7e\u3001\u8996\u529b\u6a21\u7cca<\/p>\n<p>\u5f71\u97ff\u8840\u58d3\u3001\u9ad4\u91cd\u3001\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75c5\u3001\u5fc3\u5f8b\u5931\u5e38<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u812b\u766e\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6297\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u85e5 Antipsychotics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chlorpromazine, Flupenthixol, Haloperidol, [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3341,"featured_media":5113,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[104,112],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6350"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3341"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6350"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10318,"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6350\/revisions\/10318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stdhc.org.hk\/express\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}